Characteristics and Related Factors of Bacterial Infection Among Patients With Cirrhosis.

Background: Infection causes cirrhosis to decompensate, affecting liver function and resulting in several complications, including esophageal variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence, essential features, and related factors of bacterial infection among patients with cirrhosis in Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective study included 317 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis, who were divided into two groups: group 1 including 125 patients with bacterial infection and group 2 including 192 patients without bacterial infection. Infection was diagnosed on the basis of its localization. Results: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP; 31.2%) and pneumonia (28.8%) were the most common infections identified. The procalcitonin (PCT) level had a strong diagnostic value with an area under the curve value of 0.868. The most common type of gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli, while the gram-positive bacteria seen were Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus among the patients with infection. In the logistic regression analysis, Child-Pugh class B and C (p<0.001, OR=4.14, CI=1.90-9.03; OR=4.76, CI=2.03-11.16, respectively) and the presence of acute kidney injury (p=0.009, OR=2.57, CI=1.27-5.22) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (p=0.035, OR=0.39, CI=0.16-0.94) significantly differed between the groups. Conclusion: The most prevalent type of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis is SBP, with gram-negative bacteria being the most common cause. The PCT level is useful in identifying infection in patients with cirrhosis. Decompensated cirrhosis is linked to a higher risk of infection.

Small-cell cancer of the perihilar bile duct with bleeding esophageal varices: A report of a rare case.

Small-cell cancer is an uncommon histological subtype of neuroendocrine carcinoma. It frequently has a poor prognosis because of distant metastasis. It is diagnosed using histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. We report the case of a 29-year-old female with small-cell cancer in the perihilar bile duct who presented with bleeding esophageal varices. This case report aims to improve physicians' understanding of small-cell cancer, thereby helping to reduce the frequency of missed clinical diagnoses.

A rare case of duodenal adenocarcinoma.

Duodenal adenocarcinoma is very rare. Its clinical picture is nonspecific and the diagnosis is often accidental. The factors that affect survival are difficult to determine because the number of patients is not high. The common site of duodenal tumors and surgical removal are also debatable. The treatment guidelines published so far have mostly been evaluated in retrospective studies conducted over a 20-year period with relatively small sample sizes. The author presents a case of duodenal adenocarcinoma in a 62-year-old male patient with a clinical manifestation of melena. Duodeno-cephalo-pancreatectomy was the surgical option.

A rare case of perineal synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is frequently misdiagnosed due to its slow growth and small size. This tumor presents as a nonspecific heterogeneous mass on cross-sectional imaging. Biopsy and histopathological assessments are required to differentiate synovial sarcoma from other sarcoma subtypes and to define the tumor grade. This article presents the case of a 17-year-old male patient with perineal synovial sarcoma.

A rare case of Ladd's band causing duodenal occlusion in an adult with intestinal malrotation.

A congenital defect of the fetal intestinal rotation, known as malrotation of the gut, is most often identified as an acute intestinal occlusion in early infancy. Adults with this disease tend to be asymptomatic and extremely rare. We present a case of a 47-year-old woman with duodenal obstruction due to Ladd's band admitted with acute abdominal pain and vomiting.

Synchronous occurrence of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT-type lymphoma: A case report and literature review.

The coexistence of multiple primary malignant tumors in an organ is rare. This includes the extremely rarely reported combination of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric MALT-type lymphoma as synchronous tumors. We describe a case of a 72-year-old man diagnosed with this combination. He had no remarkable medical history and came to our hospital because of discomfort in the gastric area. Although the biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma only, the microscopic findings after partial gastrectomy incidentally showed additional lymphoma that was subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemistry as MALT-type lymphoma. This case study and literature analysis aims to raise awareness of the possibility of synchronous malignant neoplasm in the stomach to enhance preoperative diagnosis.

Prostatic stromal sarcoma: A case report and literature review.

Stromal sarcoma of the prostate is extremely rare. In this article, we report the case of a 43-year-old male admitted to the local hospital due to dysuria. Although the pathological findings from transurethral prostatic resection showed low-grade stromal sarcoma, the surgical specimen after radical prostatectomy revealed high-grade sarcoma with hypercellularity, marked atypical spindle cells, and high mitotic activity. This case study and literature analysis aim to emphasize its rarity and raise awareness about clinical and pathological diagnosis.

A case report of segmental hypoganlionosis of the ileum in an adult.

Intestinal hypoganglionosis in adults is quite uncommon, and hypoganglionosis of the ileum has not been documented to date. The majority of studies on this disorder are single case reports and brief case series. We describe a 30-year-old male patient with bowel obstruction and intestinal hypoganglionosis of the ileum and we review the literature on the disorder.

A rare case of hepatic epitheliod hemangioendothelioma.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is an extremely uncommon tumor of the liver. It typically lacks recognizable clinical signs and is diagnosed with the aid of imaging and histopathology combined with immunohistochemical analysis. We discuss the case of a 40-year-old woman with HEHE. The aim of this case report and literature review is to increase doctors' knowledge of HEHE and reduce the incidence of missed clinical diagnoses.

Acute hemorrhage from a retroperitoneal liposarcoma treated by embolization.

Liposarcomas are rare retroperitoneal mesenchymal tumors that present at an advanced stage and often have poor prognoses. These malignant tumors create a diagnostic conundrum and pose several treatment difficulties due to their rarity and anatomic placement. Retroperitoneal liposarcomas often present as asymptomatic abdominal tumors and rarely cause acute bleeding. Surgery is typically required in cases with acute malignant bleeding and hemodynamic instability. Angioembolization and other bleed-control methods should be researched where available. This case report describes the case of a 17-year-old male patient whose tumor had an acute abdominal hemorrhage treated by embolization.

An extremely rare case of intrahepatic sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma.

One uncommon histological subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical tests are used to diagnose sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which frequently has a worse prognosis than regular intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The example of a 65-year-old female with sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, who presented with sporadic right upper abdomen discomfort, is discussed in this paper. This case study and literature analysis aims to improve physicians' comprehension of sarcomatoid intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and lower the frequency of missed clinical diagnoses.